Government of India has a special focus on skill development to improve the employability and productivity of the workforce. In India, there are several Ministries implementing skill development programmes to train the youth. To coordinate and integrate skill development efforts across the country, National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was set up as a not-for-profit public limited company. NSDC was set up by the Ministry of Finance as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model.
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) has been mandated to catalyze the creation of large, high-quality vocational institutions, provide funding to build scalable and profitable vocational training institutions, and to enable support system that focuses on quality assurance, information systems and train the trainer academies, either directly or through partnerships.
Presented below are skill development programmes and initiatives across various sectors.
SWAYAM is a program initiated by the Government of India designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy: access, equity, and quality. The objective is to take the best teaching-learning resources to all, including the most disadvantaged. SWAYAM seeks to bridge the digital divide for students who have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy.
SWAYAM PRABHA is a group of 22 DTH channels devoted to telecasting high-quality educational programs on a 24×7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite. Students can choose the time of their convenience. The channels are uplinked from BISAG-N, Gandhinagar. The contents are provided by NPTEL, IITs, UGC, CEC, and IGNOU.
The Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) is one of the Inter-University Centres set up by the University Grants Commission of India. CEC addresses the needs of higher education through powerful media like Television along with the appropriate use of emerging Information Communication Technology (ICT).
The main goal of NPTEL was to create web and video courses in all major branches of engineering and physical sciences at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and management courses at the postgraduate level. NPTEL is a joint initiative of IITs and IISc.
IIMB is one of the nine national coordinators on SWAYAM and has offered more than 20 courses. As a National Coordinator, IIMB receives and evaluates MOOC proposals in the area of management studies from Universities and Institutions willing to offer their courses on SWAYAM.
IGNOU serves the educational aspirations of over 3 million students in India and other countries through 21 Schools of Studies and a network of 67 regional centres, around 2,667 learner support centres, and 29 overseas partner institutions. The University offers about 228 certificate, diploma, degree, and doctoral programmes. IGNOU offers 42 courses on the SWAYAM platform.
NCERT undertakes, promotes, and coordinates research in areas related to school education. It offers different courses like Accountancy, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, etc. for class 11th and 12th students on the SWAYAM platform.
NITTTR offers need-based Human Resource Development programs through appropriate modes and develops curricula and instructional resources. It fosters research in Engineering Education and offers consultancy and extension services for the total development of technical institutions (Engineering and Polytechnic Colleges), the Industry, Service sector, and community. It offers courses on Engineering, Content Development, Research, and many more areas.
NIOS offers Secondary (10th), Sr. Secondary (12th), and Vocational courses through open and distance learning (ODL) mode. It also offers Open Basic Education and Elementary Teacher Education Programme. There is no upper age limit for admission. NIOS offers 42 courses on the SWAYAM platform, with features like freedom of choice of subjects, self-learning materials, transfer of credits, and flexible ICT-based On-Demand Examination (ODES).
AICTE is the National MOOCs Coordinator (NC) for all courses that do not fall in the purview of any of the existing NCs, including foreign university courses. AICTE has been offering different online as well as offline courses/programmes on science and technology which are free of cost.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE). This scheme has been launched in three phases. PMKVY 3.0 was launched on 15 January 2021, which aims to encourage and promote skill development throughout the country to address industry needs, meet market demands and impart skills in services and in new-age job roles. The scheme has two components, Central Component and State Component. Skill training is being imparted under three categories pan-India: Short Term Training (STT), Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), and Special Project (SP).
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has established visible and aspirational Model Training Centres (MTCs) in every district of the country. These Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) provide opportunities to both trainees who wish to learn and trainers who wish to impart skills in particular areas. A loan up to 75% of the project investment is being provided for the purpose.
IISC Network is the nodal platform to facilitate international workforce mobility opportunities for Indians. This network will be central to the Government of India's plan to make India the skill capital of the world. It operates as a fee-based, market-driven model determined by global workforce supply and demand dynamics.
The Technical Intern Training Program aims to contribute to developing countries by accepting their people and transferring skills through On-the-Job Training (OJT) in Japan. It promotes international cooperation through the transfer of skills, techniques, and knowledge gained by technical interns to developing nations.
The Skill Impact Bond is designed to address the youth employment crisis, with a specific focus on young women. The objective of the impact bond is to create sustainable employment outcomes through skill development.
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