In future farms, which are expected to be smart and technology-driven, data-based decision-making is crucial. This underscores the importance of tasks such as data collection, analysis, generation of actionable insights, and their communication to actuators. Our project aims to develop a framework and infrastructure for data collection. Soil and crop characteristics can vary significantly over short distances, necessitating the deployment of multiple sensors for accurate measurements. For example, experts suggest deploying one sensor for every 10 m by 10 m area. To cover one hectare, approximately 100 IoT devices would be required. Assuming the use of state-of-the-art IoT devices from Libelium with star topology support, each costing Rs. 1 Lakh (excluding sensors), deploying 100 such devices would be cost-prohibitive for our project. Therefore, our primary objective is to significantly reduce the cost of each IoT device. Our strategies for cost reduction include assembling off-the-shelf low-cost accessories for data collection and transmission, developing energy-efficient communication networks and algorithms for optimal device placement, and data interpolation in unsampled areas.
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