Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)

Established in 2006, the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) is the nodal ministry of the Government of India responsible for advancing Earth system science and providing essential services related to weather, climate, oceans, hydrology, seismology, and natural hazards. The Ministry also promotes the sustainable exploration and utilization of marine living and non-living resources and leads India's scientific research in the Arctic, Antarctic, and the Himalayan region.

MoES supports research, observations, forecasting, and technology development to enhance disaster preparedness, climate resilience, marine resource management, and environmental sustainability. Through its constituent institutions and scientific programmes, the Ministry contributes to safeguarding lives and livelihoods, strengthening national capabilities in Earth system sciences, and supporting informed decision-making for sustainable development.

The Ministry oversees premier institutions including the India Meteorological Department (IMD), National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRF), National Centre for Seismology (NCS), Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), and the National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR).