Research Projects

The energy sector is witnessing massive transformation due to digitization and decentralization. Managing frequency security in renewable energy sources (RESs) and inverter-dominated power systems has emerged as a pressing concern. Further, the decommissioning of synchronous units leads to a decreased availability of reserve capacity in the regulation market. Consequently, future balancing services cannot depend solely on the regulation reserve of traditional plants for FR. On the other hand, with the substantial integration of RESs, there is an opportunity to leverage their contributions through real-time energy markets (RTEM) at the transmission system operators (TSOs) level. Next, the expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs) has created new opportunities for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, enabling energy exchange between communities and individuals at the distribution level [7]. In P2P model, both prosumers and consumers can actively interact with each other and the grid, enabling independent energy trading. As the increasing share of RES or DER burdens grid operations due to load-generation imbalances, strong coordination between TSOs and DSOs is crucial to maintain system stability. Effective collaboration between TSO and DSO is particularly critical for regulating frequency excursions. Addressing these needs, this project proposes a novel framework that integrates an RTEM model with a centralized AGC system at the TSO level. Additionally, it incorporates a P2P energy trading model at the distribution level, managed by the DSO, to enhance the dynamic performance of the multi-area grids. Furthermore, given the increasing reliance on ICTs, it is vital to ensure that the decision-making framework is cyber-resilient to safeguard against potential cyber threats targeting the vulnerable layers of cyber-physical systems such as frequency and voltage control loops. Therefore, to secure the operations against cyber-attacks, an ML-based detection mechanism will be designed.