Research Projects

The proposed research seeks to develop an innovative nanoconjugate formulation that integrates nano-quantum dots (NQDs) with phytochemicals derived from plant extracts to effectively control mosquito populations. By harnessing the synergistic potential of nanotechnology and natural compounds, this project aims to enhance mosquitocidal efficacy, overcome insecticide resistance, and reduce environmental impact, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional mosquito control methods. Key Objectives and Plans 1. Development of Nanohybrid Formulation: The project will screen 50 plant species from Mizoram forests, selected for their insect-repellent phytochemicals based on ethnobotanical knowledge and bioassays. Carbon and zinc-based NQDs and nanofibers (NFs) will be synthesized and optimized for loading these phytochemicals. The efficacy of these nanohybrids against mosquito adults and larvae will be evaluated through histopathological (e.g., tissue damage analysis) and biochemical (e.g., enzyme activity) studies, with structural characterization using techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 2. Formulation Optimization: Mosquito toxicity assays will be conducted across key species (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex) to determine (LC50) and assess efficacy under exposure methods (spraying, dipping, feeding). Release kinetics will be optimized by studying NQD and NF matrices to achieve sustained phytochemical release. Statistical modeling, including response surface methodology, will guide the refinement of component ratios and nanoparticle sizes to maximize efficacy while ensuring practical application. 3. Mechanism of Action Investigation: The formulation’s impact on mosquito physiology will be explored through hemolymph analysis (e.g., glucose, protein levels), histological examination of tissues (midgut, ovaries), and behavioral studies (feeding rates, flight activity). Reproductive effects, such as egg viability and hormone levels (e.g., vitellogenin), will be assessed. Molecular responses will be investigated using RNA sequencing and Western blotting to identify affected genes and proteins. 4. Safety Evaluation: The formulation’s safety will be rigorously tested using fish models (e.g., zebrafish) to evaluate toxicity endpoints, including mortality, growth, behavior, reproduction, and biochemical markers (e.g., liver enzymes). Static, flow-through, and sediment exposure methods will simulate environmental conditions, ensuring the formulation’s biocompatibility and minimal impact on non-target aquatic organisms. Rationale and Novelty Current mosquito control methods face significant challenges, including insecticide resistance, environmental toxicity, and limited duration of efficacy. This proposal addresses these issues by combining NQDs’ unique optical and electronic properties with phytochemicals’ natural insect-repellent capabilities. The nanoconjugate formulation enables targeted delivery, enhanced bioactivity, and controlled release, reducing the required dosage and ecological footprint. Preliminary studies with Trevesia palmata-derived carbon-dot zinc nanohybrids demonstrated exceptional larvicidal activity, achieving an LC50 of 11.699 ppm compared to 819.275 ppm for the crude plant extract, underscoring the transformative potential of nanohybridization. Expected Outcomes The formulation will deliver synergistic larvicidal and adulticidal effects. Optimized NQDs will ensure precise phytochemical delivery and controlled release for prolonged efficacy. Cost-effective production, scalability, and international patents will facilitate widespread adoption and innovation. Relevance and Impact The eco-friendly formulation mitigates resistance and environmental harm, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides. Its applications span residential, agricultural, and public health sectors, with commercialization potential enhanced by scalability and patent opportunities.