Research Projects

Rationale The urgent demand for sustainable, cost-effective, and thermally stable photovoltaics has exposed critical limitations in prevailing technologies such as CdTe, CIGS, and CZTS, ranging from toxic material profiles and resource scarcity to light-induced degradation and inefficient interfaces. While Sb2(S, Se)3 has emerged as a next-generation absorber owing to its earth abundance, benign chemistry, and ideal bandgap, its full potential remains untapped due to interfacial recombination and suboptimal device components. This project aims to overcome these hurdles by introducing a transformative dual-interface architecture featuring Sr2SnO4 as an innovative electron transport layer (ETL) and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Scientific Objectives To mitigate the Staebler-Wronski Effect (SWE) and interface recombination losses in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. To enhance electron selectivity and thermal stability through optimized ETL and TCO design. To achieve a scalable, ITO FTO-free architecture using vacuum-based deposition techniques. Hypothesis/Model to be Tested We hypothesize that a synergistic dual-interface configuration combining the layered Ruddlesden Popper oxide Sr₂SnO₄ and thermally stable ATO can significantly improve charge extraction, reduce light-induced degradation, and boost photovoltaic efficiency. Main Experiments: Thin-film deposition of Sb₂(S, Se)₃ absorbers via thermal evaporation or sputtering, followed by post-annealing. Integration of Sr₂SnO₄ ETL and ATO TCO layers using physical vapor deposition techniques. Structural and electronic characterization using XRD, UV-Vis, UPS, TRPL, and impedance spectroscopy. Significance to the Field By addressing fundamental and practical bottlenecks in interface design, this study pioneers a holistic strategy for advancing Sb₂(S, Se)₃ solar cells. The outcomes are expected to elevate performance, durability, and scalability, positioning these devices as front-runners in next-generation photovoltaics. More broadly, the research establishes a template for rational material selection and interface synergy, with far-reaching implications for eco-friendly, efficient, and commercially viable solar energy systems. Expected outcomes of the proposed work. This project aims to revolutionize inorganic thin-film solar cells by addressing the SWE effect, to achieve greater device stability and enduring performance. It introduces a novel architecture that eliminates the need for traditional materials like ITO, FTO, and TiO₂, relying entirely on inorganic components to create a flexible, scalable solar cell. The research will develop and characterize a new Sr2SnO4 compound and ATO thin-film electrode, forming the basis of a planar n-i-p hybrid Sb2(S, Se)3 solar cell. Students will gain hands-on experience in fabrication, enhancing technical skills and research profile, supported by outreach and publication efforts that amplify the project’s impact.