Research Projects

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart attack, stroke, and heart failure, are the main cause of disease and mortality worldwide as per WHO-2024 report. Traditionally, techniques for diagnosis of CVDs include blood tests, ECG, ECMO, CT, MRI etc. These techniques have limitations as operator dependency, variability in results, accessibility, interpretation of data, high cost, low sensitivity, specificity etc. To overcome such limitations, a new approach with high accuracy and precision is required. This can be achieved with development of dual biomarkers detection of CVDs, which can signify the health risk, if biomarkers concentration reported up/down upon testing. We propose the development of hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne oxide (HsGDY-Ox) based electrochemical biosensing chip, compatible with hand-held electronic devices will have ability to detect dual biomarkers i.e. cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), for CVD diagnosis. Objectives will include synthesis and characterization of HsGDY-Ox nanomaterial, which will be used to modify screen printed electrodes (SPEs). Further, antibodies of cTnI and cTnT will be immobilized onto HsGDY-Ox/SPE. The developed biochip will be further used for simultaneous diagnosis of cTnI and cTnT. Finally, the developed biochip will be made compatible with a hand-held electronic device. The develop device will detect the concentration of biomarkers on the basis of change in electrochemical parameters during analysis. The main experiments will include synthesis and modification of 2D HsGDY-Ox, synthesized for the first time in our lab, having ability to show dual peak at different potential via CV and DPV technique. More than one oxidation/reduction potential will make it possible for showing electrochemical response at two different potentials, for two different biomarkers. The synthesized nanomaterial will be electrophoretically deposited onto SPEs and further modified with -NH2 bearing linker molecules like APTES, neomycin, serine etc. Antibodies will be covalently immobilized via EDC/NHS chemistry. BSA will be used for blocking of non-specific binding sites. Initially, a standard sample of analytes in PBS with Ferro/ferricyanide and further serum sample of patients, will be investigated for simultaneous diagnosis of dual biomarkers of CVD. Parallelly, hand-held electronic devices will be fabricated, and make it compatible with biochip. The simultaneous detection of both isoforms i.e. cTnI and cTnT, will provide a broader approach for early diagnosis of patients at risk of CVD, and potentially prevent unforeseeable deaths, as well as provide a POC testing for CVD. With our proposed objectives, we will be able to develop hand-held devices for highly accurate CVD diagnosis. Along with this the HsGDY-Ox will open a new era in material science for device fabrication. We are also expecting high impact research papers, patents and training manpower in biosensing field.