Research Projects

Non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are not suitable for electric mobility and the grid due to their high energy density and cost. A shift towards alternative battery systems, such as higher-valent-ion (Zn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) aqueous batteries (HVABs), is being made due to their abundant availability in India. These batteries can provide economic rechargeable batteries for the electric grid, rooftop PVs, and remote installations. However, HVABs face challenges such as high charge-to-size ratios, a large solvation shell, limited electrode materials, and water splitting, parasitic side reactions, and corrosion. This proposal aims to investigate the solvated HV-ions of Zn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, which directly participate in the energy storage mechanism. The study will investigate the role of water and proton-mediated chemical reactivities/intermediates in charge transport and electrochemical storage, as well as the physical characteristics of liquid electrolytes. The findings will have profound implications on materials design and the development of practical HVABs.