Research Projects

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by Type I and Type II, is a common condition affecting children and adults. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is crucial for these patients, as their glucose levels vary based on their food habits and activity levels. CGM sensors are primarily used for type I patients, but the main challenges include the sensor's lifetime due to tissue reaction and reversibility. Various sensing techniques, including electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric methods, are used in commercialized CGM systems. The glucose-oxidase electrochemical principle is the most commonly used in commercialized CGM systems. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in microneedle-based sensors that can monitor biomarkers via the skin. To improve the sensitivity of glucose biosensors, developing nanostructures, hybrid materials, and micro- or nanotechnologies can enhance sensitivity. Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, gold nanostructures, and biocompatible hydrogel chitosan, can sense glucose by sensing the byproduct Hydrogen peroxide. Platinum and CNT combinations have been reported with higher lifetimes. The project aims to develop a lifetime-enhanced, easy-to-use, and cost-effective glucose sensor for blood glucose levels. The microneedle-based electrochemical detection of glucose is a painless, minimally invasive technique that can avoid discomfort and pain from existing sensors. The gaps identified include the need for a painless, minimally invasive sensor, longer lifetime, cost-effective sensors, a complete linear range, and reliable, continuous real-time monitoring sensors with high selectivity and speed.