When the first heavy-duty detergents were marketed at the beginning of 19th century, the first builders it contained was sodium carbonate and sodium silicate. From the 1930s onwards, the more effective sodium phosphates performed the role of builders. The introduction of "phosphate-reduced (1976)" and later "phosphate-free detergents (1983)" marked the beginning of the era of builder systems containing zeolites. Tested under critical conditions, the phosphate-free builder system containing zeolite even proved superior to the earlier sodium triphosphate system.
Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
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